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Traffic Law DUI/DWI
| Diversion Programs for DUI/DWI Offenses |
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| Some efforts to prevent recidivism among offenders charged with driving while intoxicated (DWI) or driving under the influence (DUI), particularly those drivers who suffer from alcohol-use disorders, focus on motivating the offenders to participate in treatment programs. A number of states have programs allowing certain drunk driver offenders to be diverted from criminal sanctions by entering alcohol education or treatment programs (DPs). More... |
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| Overview of Underage DUI/DWI Laws |
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| The United States Congress passed the National Highway System Designation Act of 1995, which required states to enact and enforce zero-tolerance laws aimed at individuals under the age of 21 (a "juvenile") who have a blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.02% or greater while operating a motor vehicle. This federal law required states to pass zero-tolerance legislation as a condition for receiving federal transportation funds. More... |
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| Penalties for Criminal Offense of Driving While Impaired |
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| The penalties for driving while impaired tend to be less harsh than the penalties for driving while under the influence or driving while intoxicated. The penalties for driving while impaired do vary depending upon the state. In most cases the offense for a first time offender is considered a misdemeanor. More... |
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| Elements of OUI/OWI (Operating Under the Influence or While Intoxicated) |
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| There are various statutory formulations used to describe the requisite elements of the criminal act of drunk driving. In a number of states, the requisite act consists solely of ''operating.'' These laws are known by the acronyms, OWI (driving while intoxicated) or OUI (driving under the influence). More... |
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| Admissibility of Field Sobriety Tests in Drunk Driving Cases¤ |
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| There are three standardized field sobriety tests (FSTs) that make up the Standardized Field Sobriety Test battery. They include the horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN) test, the "walk and turn" test, and the "one-leg stand" test. The HGN test refers to an involuntary jerking as the eyes gaze toward the side. When intoxicated, a person's smooth and accurate control of his or her eye movements will break down. The walk and turn test and the one-leg stand test are referred to as the "divided attention" tests, which simulate the mental and physical capabilities a driver needs to drive safely. Of the three FSTs, the HGN is considered the most reliable field sobriety test, especially when used in combination with the divided attention tests. More... |
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